Tissue Types in the Human Body

Tissue Types in the Human Body A tissue is a large collection of cells that carry out a specific function together. Organisms are made up of groups of different tissues. There are four main types of tissues, these are: Epithelial tissue, Muscle tissue, Connective tissue and Nervous tissue. These four tissue types each have their own specific function vital the human body. Because of this, each type of tissue contain cells with specific organelles appropriate to the tissues function. The addition, removal, or adaption of cell features can impact greatly on a tissue, giving it the properties it needs in order to accomplish its role in the body. Epithelial tissue covers the whole of the bodys surface. Epithelial cells are packed closely together in one or more layers. Epithelial tissue specialises in covering the bodys external and internal surfaces. The epithelial tissue located in the bodys interior is known as endothelium. Epithelial tissue can be split into two groups depending on the number of layers its composed of. When the epithelial tissue is only one cell thick its known as simple epithelium. However if the epithelium tissues is two or more cells thick, such as the skin, its known as stratified epithelium.   The main purpose of the epithelial cell is to protect the surfaces it covers, in some cases however specialised epithelial tissues are able to take part in absorption, excretion, secretion, diffusion, and cleaning. Epithelial tissue has the ability to repair itself this is due to the basement membrane which is a selectively permeable membrane. The epithelial tissues ability to repair itself is very useful as it comes under constant wear and tear because of its protective function. The repair process requires a lot of protein to be produced, therefore a large rough endoplasmic reticulum is needed in order to synthesise large amounts of protein. The top layer of cells within the epithelial tissue is often keratinised, making it stronger and more resistant to damage. The nucleus within the epithelial tissue cells are able to change shape depending on the overall shape the cell structure will take on. The nucleus does this in order for the epithelial cells to fit closely together. Epithelial cells can also contain appendages known as cilia, depending on the tissues function. Cilia are often found in epithelial tissue located in areas such as the throat. Cilia waft the mucus with in the throat, reducing restriction and build up. Muscle tissue There are three types of muscle tissue: Smooth muscle tissue, skeletal muscle tissue and cardiac (heart) muscle tissue. The main function of muscle tissue is to create movement of, and in the body. A large of amount of energy is needed within the muscle tissue due to its function, movement. This energy comes from ATP which is made within the tissues cells. Because of this muscle cells contain a vast amount of mitochondria which is responsible for creating ATP. The large number of mitochondria means vast amounts of ATP can be produced and then converted into kinetic energy needed for the muscle movement. Muscle tissues need to be sturdy and resilient due to the amount and type of movement carried out by the cell. This is accomplished by the cell membranes of the muscle cells, known as the sarcolemma. Smooth muscle tissue controls slow, involuntary movements. Skeletal muscle tissue is responsible for the movement of the various bones of the skeleton. Cardiac muscle tissue is found only on the hearts walls, it shows characteristics of both smooth muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue. Cardiac muscle tissue is responsible for the contraction of the atria and vesicles of the hear t. Muscle tissue is strong due to its outer layer of collagen fibre, which covers the inner layer known as the plasma membrane. Muscle tissue needs to be able to contract to perform its function. To do this calcium is needed. The calcium needs to be stored within the cell and transferred when needed. The calcium needed is packaged and kept in the cells sarcoplasmic reticulum this is an organelle similar to the SER. The cytoplasm of muscle tissues, called sarcolemma, is unique because it contains large particles of glycogen (storage of energy) and has a high concentration of calcium. This enables the muscle to contract efficiently Connective Tissue Connective tissue can be found within and throughout the human body, taking on many forms varying on its function. Whether its tendons and bones, or blood and skin. The main function of connective tissue is to support the human body and connect together different types of tissues. Connective tissue usually has scattered cells throughout an extracellular matrix. Connective tissues are composed of three main types of cells: Fibroblasts, Macrophages, and Mast cells. Fibroblasts are responsible for creating an extracellular matrix within the tissue, this gives the connective tissue elasticity needed so the tissue can stretch and then return to its original shape when needed. Collagen and proteins mostly make up the matrix providing strength to the tissues as well as flexibility. Macrophages are cells that come from blood cells and clean any Foreign particles present through the process of phagocytosis. The final primary cell type is the Mast cell. The mast cell communicates with the bodys blood chemically, instructing it when to clot its blood, or inflame particular tissues. Mast cells provide the connective tissues with vital reparative properties that are needs when damage takes place. Nervous tissue Nervous tissues are built of nerve cells. The main function of the nervous tissue is relaying electrical impulses from one are in the body to another, collecting, sending and managing information from area to area. The nervous tissue is made up of special nerve cells called neurones. Neurones transmit impulses at a very fast rate and are easily stimulated. The three main neurone types are: Sensory neurone, Motor neurone and connector neurones. Nervous cells are built of a standard cell body, contain cell organelles such as; nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell membrane and cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus however is slightly different, not only can it process and package proteins it can also process and package neurotransmitters. At either end of the cell body are protrusions. One of these protrusions is known as the axon, this is a nerve fibre that attaches to the soma, carrying impulses away from it. The axon has a specially adapted membrane that can connect with the membrane of a targeted cell, letting impulses be carried into it. These connections are known as synapses. The dendrite which stems from the other end of the soma, works differently to the axon, picking up impulses from surrounding neurones and transmitting it to its own soma. A material made of protein and fat known as the myelin sheath, acts as a sheath around the axon of a nerve cell. Its primary functions are to protect and insulate the nerve fibre, stopping impulses leaving he cell from incorrect areas, and also increase the speed of the impulses. Ranvier are regular gaps that are located along the sheath, these let nutrients and waste enter and leave the neurone. They also let the impulses move along the neurone itself. These features are what give the nervous tissue the ability to send information to different areas of the body and coordinate bodily functions allowing the body to carry out its intended purpose

Nurse Practitioner

Yaidelyn Alonso SLS1125: Matos 4/20/12 Nurses: â€Å"Caring Today For A Healthier Tomorrow† Growing up in a house hold of medical personnel, such as my mother and my aunt and other close relatives has really inspired me to become a Nurse Practitioner, but most of all my inspiration has come due to the death of my father. I want to help patients who may have false hope, who may think that there’s nothing anyone can do, I want to give patients hope, and I will devote my life to make a difference in the medical field.Although it won’t be easy, I know there will be obstacles I have to overcome, I think anything is possible if you persevere and if you commit yourself to do something that you love. At the end of the day you made at least one person’s life more enjoyable and filled them with hope, that’s what I’ll be thinking every night before I lay my head on my pillow. A Nurse Practitioner is a registered nurse with advanced training in diagnosin g and treating illnesses. Nurse Practitioners prescribe medication which usually RN’s cannot do, as well as treat illnesses, and administer physical exams.The difference between an NP and a physician is that they focus on prevention, wellness and education. To be more specific Nurse Practitioners may specialize in either Neonatal Care with new born and baby’s or Geriatric Health, Adult Health, Oncology, Family Health and Psychiatric/Mental Health. Personally I love trauma centers and the Emergency Room, I’m quick on my feet and I do not like standing around, I like a job that challenges me and keeps me occupied.As a Nurse Practitioner you can sub-specialize in different areas and lately I’ve been very interested in Oncology. To be very brief my father passed away due to cancer in his liver, I want to help and provide my utmost help to those with cancer like his, I want to make someone’s day a little brighter no matter how sick they really feel. I d on’t just want to be a healthcare personnel I want to be the difference in someone’s life, I want patients to have faith in me because I won’t fail to care to there every need.In order to become an NP there’s certain qualifications you need to abide by and of course you first must finish you AA and your bachelors in Registered Nursing. As a current student in Miami Dade College I’ve researched and spoke with counselors that have guided me into the classes I must take to even get into the nursing program. Such as the basics chemistry and human growth and development, as well as Anatomy 1 and Anatomy 2, it’s not just taking the classes but about passing them with extraordinary grades and graduate with your AA and a really good GPA.After graduating with my AA I plan to transfer to FIU and further my studies, they have a great Nursing program, as soon as I graduate with my bachelors degree I will continue to get my masters and broaden my knowled ge in my studies. To be a nurse practitioner, you need to have a graduate degree, such as a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). The current minimum education needed to work as a Nurse Practitioner is a MSN degree, which takes 3-4 years to complete, depending on your specialty.Many colleges and universities prefer you have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) for entry into this graduate program, while other schools allow a bachelor's degree in another field if you are a registered nurse. In further detail In order to become an oncology nurse specialist, I will need to learn specific cancer care skills through coursework, clinical practice or continuing education. After gaining enough knowledge and on-the-job experience, I then can take an exam to become an Oncology Certified Nurse.To become an oncology nurse practitioner, I will also need to complete a  Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, typically obtained through a 2-year program of g raduate study. As an oncology nurse practitioner, I will need at least 500 hours of supervised clinical practice in oncology to be eligible to take the certification examination to become an Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP). Certification is required in many states such as Florida. As with all  nursing careers, the demand for oncology nurses practitioner is expected to increase significantly over the next ten years.This is especially true because the vast majority of cancers are diagnosed in people over 55, making oncology nurses critically necessary! The median expected salary for a typical  Nurse Practitioner  in the  United States  is  $90,531. Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, It requires an exclusive devotion as hard a preparation, as any painter's or sculptor's work; for what is the having to do with dead canvas or dead marble, compared with having to do with the living body, the temple of God's spirit? It is one of the Fine A rts: I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts. – Florence Nightingale Nurse Practitioner Yaidelyn Alonso SLS1125: Matos 4/20/12 Nurses: â€Å"Caring Today For A Healthier Tomorrow† Growing up in a house hold of medical personnel, such as my mother and my aunt and other close relatives has really inspired me to become a Nurse Practitioner, but most of all my inspiration has come due to the death of my father. I want to help patients who may have false hope, who may think that there’s nothing anyone can do, I want to give patients hope, and I will devote my life to make a difference in the medical field.Although it won’t be easy, I know there will be obstacles I have to overcome, I think anything is possible if you persevere and if you commit yourself to do something that you love. At the end of the day you made at least one person’s life more enjoyable and filled them with hope, that’s what I’ll be thinking every night before I lay my head on my pillow. A Nurse Practitioner is a registered nurse with advanced training in diagnosin g and treating illnesses. Nurse Practitioners prescribe medication which usually RN’s cannot do, as well as treat illnesses, and administer physical exams.The difference between an NP and a physician is that they focus on prevention, wellness and education. To be more specific Nurse Practitioners may specialize in either Neonatal Care with new born and baby’s or Geriatric Health, Adult Health, Oncology, Family Health and Psychiatric/Mental Health. Personally I love trauma centers and the Emergency Room, I’m quick on my feet and I do not like standing around, I like a job that challenges me and keeps me occupied.As a Nurse Practitioner you can sub-specialize in different areas and lately I’ve been very interested in Oncology. To be very brief my father passed away due to cancer in his liver, I want to help and provide my utmost help to those with cancer like his, I want to make someone’s day a little brighter no matter how sick they really feel. I d on’t just want to be a healthcare personnel I want to be the difference in someone’s life, I want patients to have faith in me because I won’t fail to care to there every need.In order to become an NP there’s certain qualifications you need to abide by and of course you first must finish you AA and your bachelors in Registered Nursing. As a current student in Miami Dade College I’ve researched and spoke with counselors that have guided me into the classes I must take to even get into the nursing program. Such as the basics chemistry and human growth and development, as well as Anatomy 1 and Anatomy 2, it’s not just taking the classes but about passing them with extraordinary grades and graduate with your AA and a really good GPA.After graduating with my AA I plan to transfer to FIU and further my studies, they have a great Nursing program, as soon as I graduate with my bachelors degree I will continue to get my masters and broaden my knowled ge in my studies. To be a nurse practitioner, you need to have a graduate degree, such as a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). The current minimum education needed to work as a Nurse Practitioner is a MSN degree, which takes 3-4 years to complete, depending on your specialty.Many colleges and universities prefer you have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) for entry into this graduate program, while other schools allow a bachelor's degree in another field if you are a registered nurse. In further detail In order to become an oncology nurse specialist, I will need to learn specific cancer care skills through coursework, clinical practice or continuing education. After gaining enough knowledge and on-the-job experience, I then can take an exam to become an Oncology Certified Nurse.To become an oncology nurse practitioner, I will also need to complete a  Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, typically obtained through a 2-year program of g raduate study. As an oncology nurse practitioner, I will need at least 500 hours of supervised clinical practice in oncology to be eligible to take the certification examination to become an Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP). Certification is required in many states such as Florida. As with all  nursing careers, the demand for oncology nurses practitioner is expected to increase significantly over the next ten years.This is especially true because the vast majority of cancers are diagnosed in people over 55, making oncology nurses critically necessary! The median expected salary for a typical  Nurse Practitioner  in the  United States  is  $90,531. Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, It requires an exclusive devotion as hard a preparation, as any painter's or sculptor's work; for what is the having to do with dead canvas or dead marble, compared with having to do with the living body, the temple of God's spirit? It is one of the Fine A rts: I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts. – Florence Nightingale

Professional Dancing

March 6, 2012 Professional Dancing â€Å"There is a bit of insanity in dancing that does everybody a great deal of good. † Edwin Denby. Dance has not left behind identifiable artifacts that prove when dance was created. It is not possible to place a date on when it became part of human culture. For billions of years people have expressed emotions and feelings through movements.Over the years dance has transformed into an art of great proportion in our daily life. Everyone dances for a different reason. Some because dance is a stress reliever and others, it’s a way for them to express themselves, but for professionals it’s because they cannot live without it. To become a professional dancer it takes hours of practice in a studio and the acceptance of not becoming a huge star with a lot of money.To embark on the journey to become a professional dancer the first decision to make is what style of dance, after the decision is made the next step is to find a dance stud io, during the training in the studio cross training will be needed to become stronger and more flexible, the finance, competitions and injuries are all ideas to consider before committing to a vigorous but rewarding schedule. Even though becoming a professional dancer has a high risk of failure and very low pay, the career can be very rewarding and enjoyable.Finding a dance studio that will push the dancer to become a professional is hard. Usually after finding a studio around where the aspiring dancer lives, research is done to make sure the studio is going to push them to be their best. Many dancers train in multiple studios and possibly even a dance school before becoming a professional. To receive a bachelor’s in dance it costs about $25,000 per year. Most aspiring dancers attempt to get scholarships and sponsors. After graduating the jobs offered for dancers are back-up for videos and concerts, teachers and, theater performances.An audition for these jobs is usually man datory. Almost all professional dancers start out at a young age in ballet classes. By the age of 18 the dancer starts to audition for jobs and begin their career. Ballet is known as the foundation of all dance styles. Ballet provides structure of almost all dance moves and control of the body to continue on in the dance style preferable. To continue on in dance the style has to be chosen by the dancer. The number of styles of dance are uncountable but the most popular are ballet, hip hop, contemporary, and ballroom.Usually those four are the styles that become a profession. Most dancers have a preferable dance style they like because of watching others dance on television or in the studio but to choose the style of dance the best way is to experiment with many. Usually after a few years of learning the foundations of dance the dancer starts to train in the style of dance they have chosen but training in the studio is not the only training a professional has to do. To become a profe ssional dancer cross training is needed to build muscle and endurance.Most advise pilates, upper body work, interval training, yoga, and tai-chi. These work outs help the dancer’s flexibility and strength to jump higher and carry out harder more complicated dance moves. With all this pressure to become a better dancer problems start to occur. An estimated amount of almost 100% of dancers has struggled with an eating disorder (Ballet Dancers). â€Å"Almost everyone credits George Balanchine, the renowned dancer, teacher, and choreographer, with the current aesthetic of ballet in the West, referred to by most as the â€Å"Balanchine body,† or the â€Å"anorexic look† (Gordon, 1983).This is one of the many down sides of aspiring dancers. If given help the dancer can usually start eating correctly and continue on in the hope to become a professional. The cost of the dancers training in the studio may cost up to $200. 00 per month. If the dancer decides to enter com petitions the cost to enter train extra and buy the attire can range around $300. 00. The profession of dancing becomes very expensive. Unless the dancer is getting paid to dance the dancer usually has another job on the outside creating the income to pay for the extra necessities of dance. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that dancers and choreographers earned a mean hourly wage of $16. 55 as of May 2010† (Dancing Care†¦). The career in dance is very risky and unpredictable. As an individual dancing everyone has their opinion of what they like and do not like. Because of this it makes the career very hard to get into and successfully have without the struggle of not having enough money. To become a known new aspiring dancer in the fierce profession entering competitions are a must.Usually a solo in a competition costs $90. 00 to enter. Before learning the routine created by a teacher reading the regulations is a smart idea to know what is allowed in the routine and what is not. If the routine was created before the regulations the dance might have to be tweaked so the dancer is not disqualified. A competition can last just a day or over a weekend. The judging is fierce and the competition makes the dancer want to strive even harder to become an amazing artist. Dance is strenuous. In fact, dancers have one of the highest rates of non-fatal on the-job injury. † The causes of most dance injuries are pushing for perfection so hard that muscles are strained, shin splints occur, plantar fasciitis happens, and stress fractures are created. When dancers have this the best way to cure it is stretching before and after dancing. If any serious injury occurs like breaking bones landing a move wrong it could ruin the dancer’s career.Most dancers retire around the age of 30 if an injury happens early the dancers career they will usually retire a teacher. Recovering could take a few weeks to years. A lot of dancers have permanent damage to their body after a vigorous career of muscles being strained and the body being pushed to its limit. Becoming a professional dancer is risky but rewarding. To become a professional dancer it takes hours of practice in a studio and the acceptance of not becoming a huge star with a lot of money.To embark on the journey to become a professional dancer the first decision to make is what style of dance, after the decision is made the next step is to find a dance studio, during the training in the studio cross training will be needed to become stronger and more flexible, the finance, competitions and injuries are all ideas to consider before committing to a vigorous but rewarding schedule. Every dancer has a different opinion of this profession but the ones who love to dance and have the passion that no one could ever take away from them are the ones who are happy and loving every second of it.

A Definition Of System Services Essay - 1474 Words

System services This chapter contains a definition of system services (SyS) which are both managed and coordinated by ÄÅ'EPS. ÄÅ'EPS is, according to the Energy Act, responsible for ensuring system services for the power system at the transmission system level. The system services provided by ÄÅ'EPS serve to ensure both the secure and reliable operation of the power system and the quality of electricity transmission and satisfy the various international obligations set out by the UCTE. 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