Commanding Heights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Commanding Heights - Essay Example I am in agreement with Keynes that during the time after World wars and depression as many folks were in desperate poverty and had to unite to build nations. However, am in disagreement with Keynes when he states that the disadvantage of free market is the extremism, which he stated could be countered by government interventions. However, these interventions are orthodox considering how US president Nixon compromised when he introduced wage and price control leading to collapse and deterioration of the economy. This is also one of the reasons why Payeks argued that central planned economy would give governments much power leading to totalitarianism which is detrimental to the economy (tanmovie1234s channel). Socialism system has the benefit of ensuring the poor a decent life through fair and equitable sharing of resources among the people, but, on the other hand, free market brings about opportunities through which they can increase their living standards. However, irrespective Payeks idea of free market, there is need for the government to control the industries and business because in case of monopolies they should be monitored to avoid exploitation. Moreover, in a competitive economy facilitated by free market, there may bring about unhealthy competition which will be at the peril of the consumers or citizens. I am in agreement with Van Misses who was in support of free market and argued that socialism economy lacked the price system that governed the demand and supply that dictates the prices of commodities, which lead to chaos and ultimately economic crisis. Irrespective of these arguments for or against both socialism and free market systems, I have come to learn that history repeats itself irrespective of the system implemented. This is considering the 2008 economic crisis and stock market collapse similar to that of October 24, 1929. Therefore, every economic system has its advantages and disadvantages,

Should High Level Jobs Be Reserved For Women Philosophy Essay

Should High Level Jobs Be Reserved For Women Philosophy Essay Most of the high level jobs are done by man, should government encourage a certain percentage of these jobs to be reserved for women ? Most of the high level jobs are done by men, I am not totally agree with this idea, because many high level jobs are done by women. There is no discrimination between man and woman before the eye of law. I deeply believe high level jobs are done by qualified person. So government should not encourage a certain percentage of high level jobs to be reserved for women. As a human being all are equal so those who have qualification to do high level jobs, they must will do. If government encourage or enact a law or reserve certain percentage that will be unfair and injustice and discrimination for man. High level jobs should be given on the basis of merit and qualification not consider as a man and woman.we do not agree, to make any reservation on the basis of race, age, sex and minority ,but high level job must be done by only qualified person. Man and Woman are equal so there should not have any special attention for women. This concept seriously violates human rights. There should not have any discrimination between man and woman. The discrimination never bring peace and stability in a state, so government must not make any special rules for women. As a democratic state, every state has rule of law and human rights, so high level jobs are only done by man, this is not fair and justice. If women have merit and qualification, they must hold high level jobs. To my mind, there is no restriction in law of a state for woman high level jobs. Human right is most important to live in the world with dignity and honour as a best creation of God. So knowledge and knowledge must be standard for high level jobs not on the basis of sex. So only justice and fair can bring the peace and security in a state, man and woman should not be competitor but dependable. Being a best creation of God, we must have sense of responsibility and duty to one another to make a better and peaceful world for the future generation. As a man I deeply believe and trust, there should not have any unfair between man and woman. only the basis of merit must get high level post not consider anything else. To hold a sensitive post, need only knowledge and management capacity but disqualification must always discourage and deprive from high level post for betterment of nation and showing honour and justice for qualified and knowledgeable persons. Proper management is the most important to hold a high level job, so one who will be seated in this post must be qualified and knowledgeable. If any person is woman but she is not qualified for the post but given the high level post she absolutely will be fail to hold the post. Motivation is very important requirement to hold a high prestigious job, one who has no this capacity she/he cannot hold a high level post. So I hope and believe government should not to make any special attention to women for high level post because if they are qualified, no need to make any rule or law in parliament. Leadership is the best qualification to hold the high level jobs. To be a best leader, so easily can deal any critical situation. Those who will hold better post, musth have leadership skilled to perform properly his/her responsibilities and duties.This is the age of globalization,so one who want to be leader one,s has to have leadership skilled otherwisewill be seriously fail to make any decision. Challenging career, there are many job very challenging so women are not able to perform their responsibilities but if any woman get like that post as a leader she will totally fail to lead the team or group. For example a woman is not fit for post of chief of Army, Navy,and Air force,because they are not able to perform their duty properly with care and strictly.So body fitness is very important to hold like that high level job.So if government impose like that post, it will be harmful for a nation. Professional services are opened for all men and women,because there is no any condition or restriction for women.women can be professor,lawyer,pilot officer,doctor if they have qualification.So for this reason,no need to care more women for high level job.There are many women in the world who are justice,lawyer, minister,parliamentarian .They perform their responsibilities and duties with dignity and skilled.This is because, they are hardworkers and qualified for this posts Corruption is the great disease for state , it is worse than cancer . so make a proper well fear state . it is responsibilities for man and women to remove this corruption from the grass root level of state , corruption free state and protect and guarantee human rights such kind of well fare state no conflict man between women incase of high level jobs. Misuse is the worst weak point to protect human rights and establish rule of law it is absolutely possible misuse of power in government wish to protect the human rights .disqualified person never get high level jobs .this is possible on the basis of rule of law but we have to keep in mind knowledge and qualification only should be standard for higher level job but not consider sex. Political instability never bring any peace and security, safety and dignity for a nation .for the cause of corruption and missuse of power always coming political instability in a state. For these reason many qualified man and women totally deprive from the higher level jobs.such kind of political environment never consider knowledge and qualification and care fare and justice . There are many states where women hold high level post such as Bangladesh is a highest ranking for the leadership of women because there is a prime minister and opposition leader, home minister,foreign minister and agriculture minister all are women. they are not elected as a women but for theire leadership qualification.so there is no way to say government should have extra care for women .if they become knowledgeable, they will reach their goals. In Pakistan also had an ex-prime minister banzir butto who was a woman and she was elected for her political wisdom but her nation did not make her prime minister just consider as woman .there are many women perform their responsibilities and duties with due care and dignity . there is a president in india is woman .there were former prime ministers Indira Gandi and Sonia gandi also were women. In usa ,hilari Clinton is secretary of state of America so it is only possible for her qualification. . In UK and Austrilia are handled supreme post by women,we do not like to make different between man and woman.As a human being all are equal,in case of dignity and rights and duties. Criticism of women ;most of the women across the world , to remind themselves busy in the kitchen .their mind do not want to work high abious job.They think , women responsibilities to produce baby and to take care and managing housing work.They do not know what are their rights and duties.So for this reason,they are tortured, oppressed,nepressd by men.Their voices are not strong for their rights.They do not know how to establish their civil and political rights.Even now women are not prepared to take leadership of high level jobs.They think leadership and management are only for men. Reservation of negative effect,If government reserve certain percentage for high level jobs,it will make a serious negative effect in a state.Now a days all of the countries have recognised equal status of men and women.The certain percentage reservation will break the check and balance of a state.Day by day men will be unemployment which is not green signal for democratic states.So we do not agree on the statement of reservation of high level jobs for women.If government want to reserve must be for backward section people.There will be no any discrimination between men and women. It is high for women to raise their voices against injustice and unfair.Government can take effective step to make educated women.Women have to be conscious for their fundamental rights.If government make them properly educated then they will get high level jobs.No need make any reservation for women,from every part of the world, women should be conscious about their rights and duties, They must make pressure their own government to provide complete women rights. When they will be able to understand what are their rights and duties and will be qualified then they will get high level jobs. In brief ,I would like to say dignity and honour should not be given on the basis of sex.for the causes of sincerity ,honesty,sense of responsibility, punctuality and duty.So any man or woman will hold high level job if he or she has qualification. No need to make speacil law for woman for high level jobs.Only knowledge and knowledge should be most priority and standard to hold high level job.

Do the Friday the 13th films have more to offer than just gore? :: essays research papers

Do the Friday the 13th movies have more to offer then just gore? -=-=-=-=-=-=- If you have ever been to a Friday the 13th movie and thought that it was nothing more than ninety minutes of tasteless gore, you are not alone. However, the movies do have more to offer. In this horror series, there are many hidden messages. Although not everyone chooses to analyze them, they do play a role in the feeling people get when leaving the theatre or taking the video back to the rental store. The hidden messages in the films are presented differently, and have different meanings. The three most prominent messages involve having sex, doing drugs, and illegal drinking. If teens embark in any of the three, they usually die. Other messages include insecurity, swearing, taunting, trespassing, and smoking, but none are as prevalent as the first three mentioned. The enforcer of the hidden rules in the majority of Friday the 13th movies is Jason Voorhees (the killer). In the movie he was born in 1946. He lived in the woods close to Crystal Lake. In 1957, Jason drowned in Crystal Lake. Counselors were making out rather than paying attention to the swimming child. The body was never recovered, leaving speculation about Jason's demise. Pamela Voorhees goes insane, vowing to get revenge for her son. Many attempts to keep the camp running over the next twenty years end in murder, and the nickname of "Camp Blood" is given to Camp Crystal Lake. Though the nickname remains, the camp is finally set to reopen in 1979. A deranged Pamela would not let it happen, as she kills all of the counselors except one girl who finally stops the vicious attack, murdering her. The deaths do not stop, however, as Jason vows revenge for his mother. Although no proof is ever found of Jason, the locals derive that he has been living in the woods for over twenty years. Many people try, but no one has been able to stop Jason for good. The Crystal Lake murders are directly associated with young people and their flaws. Sex, drugs, and alcohol are always associated, with other character flaws inciting the murders. In the first two installments of this series, revenge plays a factor. Pamela murders to avenge the death of her son in Crystal Lake. In the second movie, Jason kills to avenge the death of his mother.

India’s elderly face growing neglect Essay

Introduction Adobe Flash CS3 (Creative Suite 3) A commercial application used to produce interactive, animated movies Can be used to create web-based banner advertisements, interactive websites, games and web-based applications with stunning graphics and multimedia effects. Flash movies can be embedded in web pages, placed on CDs or DVDs as independent applications or converted into standalone, executable programs. Flash includes tools for coding in its scripting language, ActionScript 3.0. ActionScript, which is similar to JavaScript, enables interactive applications. To play Flash movies, the Flash Player plug-in must be installed in your web browser. This plug-in has several versions, the most recent of which is version 9. What is flash? Flash is the leading tool/technique for creating multimedia, applications, presentations, games on Internet – a platform for developing prototypes, desktop applications and mobile systems Examples of general usage for a designer: Presentations / online portfolio Video applications for design-projects Concept design (with basic interactivity/navigation) Interaction interfaces Prototype development (usability tests) Working in project-teams (communicate with/understand programmers) Physical/tangible computing: Sensors/Phidgets, webcam, Wii-remote etc Flash Movie Development Stage The white area in which you place graphic elements during movie development and only objects in this area will appear in the final movie Timeline Represents the time period over which a movie runs Frame Depicts a moment in the movie’s timeline, into which you can insert movie elements Playhead indicates the current frame Tools bar Divided into multiple sections, each containing tools and functions that help you create Flash movies Panels Organize frequently used movie options and Panel options modify the size, shape, color, alignment and effects associated with a movie’s graphic elements Context-sensitive Properties panel Displays information about the currently selected object and Useful tool for viewing and altering an object’s properties You can access different panels by selecting them from the Window menu Fig. 1 | Flash CS3 development environment. Fig. 2 | CS3 Tools bar. Learning Flash with Hands-On Examples The .fla file extension is a Flash-specific extension for editable movies Fig. 3 | New Document dialog 1. Creating a Shape with the Oval Tool Flash creates shapes using vectors a).mathematical equations that define the shape’s size, shape and color b).When vector graphics are saved, they are stored using equations Vector graphics can be resized without losing clarity Create shapes by clicking and dragging with the shape tools Every shape has a stroke color and a fill color a. The stroke color is the color of a shape’s outline b. The fill color is the color that fills the shape Clicking the black and white button resets the stroke color to black and the fill color to white Selecting the swap colors option switches the stroke and fill colors The Shift key constrains a shape’s proportions to have equal width and height A dot in a frame signifies a keyframe – A point of change in a timeline A shape’s size can be modified with the Properties panel when the shape is selected Fig. 7 | Keyframe added to the timeline Fig. 8 | Making multiple selections with the Selection tool. Fig. .9 | Modifying the size of a shape with the Properties window. 2. Adding Text to a Button Button titles communicate a button’s function to the user a. Create a title with the text tool Once text is selected, you can change the font, text size and font color with the Properties window To change the font color, click the text color swatch and select a color from the palette Fig. 11 | Setting the font face, size, weight and color with the Properties window Fig.12 | Adding text to the button. 3 Converting a Shape into a Symbol Scene contains graphics and symbols Parent movie may contain several symbols are Reusable movie elements, such as graphics, buttons and movie clips.Scene timeline can contain numerous symbols with their own timelines and properties. Scene may have several  instances of any given symbol Symbols Can be edited independently of the scene by using the symbol’s editing stageEditing stage is separate from the scene stage and contains only one symbol. Fig. 13 | Selecting an object with the selection tool. Selecting Convert to Symbol†¦ from the Modify menu or using the shortcut F8 on the keyboard opens the Convert to Symbol dialog, in which you can set the properties of a new symbol Fig. 14 | Creating a new symbol with the Convert to Symbol dialog. Every symbol in a Flash movie must have a unique name Three different types of symbols Movie clips Buttons Graphics Movie clip symbol Ideal for recurring animations Graphic symbol Ideal for static images and basic animations Button symbol Objects that perform button actions, such as rollovers and hyperlinking A rollover is an action that changes the appearance of a button when the mouse passes over it Library panel Stores every symbol in a movie Accessed through the Window menu or by the shortcuts L or F11 Multiple instances of a symbol can be placed in a movie by dragging and dropping the symbol from the Library panel onto the stage Fig. 15 | Library panel Fig. 16 | Movie Explorer for CeoAssistant.fla. 4 Editing Button Symbols Components of a button symbol, such as its fill and type, may be edited in the symbol’s editing stage. Access a symbol’s editing stage by double clicking the symbol in the Library or by pressing the Edit Symbols button and selecting the symbol name. The pieces that make up a button can all be changed in the editing stage. A button symbol’s timeline contains four frames. One for each of the button states (up, over and down) and one for the hit area Fig. 17 | Modifying button states with a button’s editing stage. Up state (indicated by the Up frame) Default state before the user presses the button or rolls over it with the mouse Over state (indicated by the Over frame) Plays when the mouse moves over the button Down state (indicated by the Down frame) Plays when a user presses a button Can create interactive, user-responsive buttons by customizing the appearance of a button in each state Graphic elements in the hit state (indicated by the Hit frame) Not visible when viewing the movie Exist simply to define the active area of the button (i.e., the area that can be clicked) By default, buttons only have the up state activated when they are created You may activate other states by adding keyframes to the other three frames 5 Adding Keyframes Keyframes a. Points of change in a Flash movie b. Appear in the timeline as gray with a black dot c. By adding keyframes to a button symbol’s timeline, you can control how the button reacts to user input Rollover d. Added by inserting a keyframe in the button’s Over frame, then changing the button’s appearance in that frame Fig. 18 | Inserting a keyframe. Changing the button color in the over state does not affect the button color in the up state. 6 Adding Sound to a Button Flash imports sounds in the WAV (Windows), AIFF (Macintosh) or MP3 formats Sounds can be imported into the Library by choosing Import to Library from the Import submenu of the File menu. You can add sound to a movie by placing the sound clip in a keyframe or over a series of frames. If a frame has a blue wave or line through it, a sound effect has been added to it. Fig. 19 | Adding sound to a button Fig. 20 | Optimizing sound with the Sound Properties dialog. 7 Verifying Changes with Test Movie Movies can be viewed in their published state with the Flash Player. The published state of a movie is how it would appear if viewed over the web or with the Flash Player Published Flash movies have the Shockwave Flash extension (.swf). SWF files can be viewed but not edited. Fig. 21 | GO button in its up and over states. 8 Adding Layers to a Movie A movie can be composed of many layers a. Each has its own attributes and effects Layers b. Organize different movie elements so that they can be animated and edited separately c. Make the composition of complex movies easier d. Graphics in higher layers appear over the graphics in lower layers Fig. 22 | Renaming a layer. Fig. 23 | Setting text alignment with the Properties window Text Can be broken apart or regrouped for color editing, shape modification or animation Once text has been broken apart, it may not be edited with the text tool 9 Animating Text with Tweening Animations in Flash are created by inserting keyframes into the timeline Tweening (morphing) a. An automated process in which Flash creates the intermediate steps of the animation between two keyframes Shape tweening b. Morphs an ungrouped object from one shape to another Motion tweening c. Moves symbols or grouped objects around the stage d. Keyframes must be designated in the timeline before adding the motion tween Fig. 25 | Adding a keyframe to create an animation. Fig. 26 | Creating a motion tween. Adding the stop function to the last frame in a movie stops the movie from looping Fig. 27 | Adding ActionScript to a frame with the Actions panel. The small letter a in a frame indicates that it contains an action. 10 Adding a Text Field Static Text Creates text that does not change Dynamic Text Creates can be changed or determined by outside variables through ActionScript Input Text Creates a text field into which the viewers of the movie can input their own text Fig. 28 | Creating a text field. Fig. 29 | Creating a dynamic text field with the Properties window. 11 Adding ActionScript goButton.addEventListener( MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, goFunction ); addEventListener function helps make an object respond to an event by registering a function to call when the event takes place MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN specifies that an action is performed when the user clicks the button. var randomNumber : int = Math.floor( ( Math.random() * 5 ) ); Math.random returns a random floating-point number from 0.0 up to, but not including, 1.0. Publishing Your Flash Movie Flash movies must be published for users to view them outside Flash CS3 and the Flash Player Flash movies may be published in a different Flash version to support older Flash Players Flash can automatically generate an XHMTL document that embeds your Flash movie Fig. 30 | Published Flash files. Importing and Manipulating Bitmaps Once an imported image is broken apart, it may be shape tweened or edited with editing tools such as the lasso, paint bucket, eraser and paintbrush The editing tools are found in the toolbox and apply changes to a shape Clicking and dragging to draw with the lasso tool selects areas of shapes The color of a selected area may be changed or the selected area may be moved Once an area is selected, its color may be changed by selecting a new fill color with the fill swatch or by clicking the selection with the paint bucket tool The eraser tool removes shape areas when you click and drag the  tool across an area You can change the eraser size using the tool options. Creating an Advertisement Banner with Masking Masking hides portions of layers A masking layer hides objects in the layers beneath it, revealing only the areas that can be seen through the shape of the mask Items drawn on a masking layer define the mask’s shape and cannot be seen in the final movie Fig. 31 | Resizing an image with the Free transform tool. Free transform tool Allows you to resize an image When an object is selected with this tool, anchors appear around its corners and sides Breaking text apart once converts each letter into its own text field Breaking text apart again converts the letters into shapes that cannot be edited with the text tool, but can be manipulated as regular graphics Fig. 32 | Creating the oval graphic Adding a mask to a layer masks only the items in the layer directly below it Fig. 33 | Creating a mask layer. Fig. 34 | Completed banner. Adding Online Help to Forms Use the selection tool to align objects with their corresponding captions. For more precise alignment, select the desired object with the selection tool and press the arrow key on the keyboard in the direction you want to move the object Fig. 35 | Adjusting the line spacing with the Format Options dialog. Fig. 36 | Creating a rectangle with rounded corners. Fig. 37 | Creating multiple instances of a symbol with the Library panel. An input text field is a text field into which the user can type text Fig. 38 | Input and password text-field creation. Fig. 39 | Adding Frame Labels using the Properties window. gotoAndStop(â€Å"name†); causes the movie to skip to the frame labeled â€Å"name† and stop playing Each movie clip should be created as a new symbol so that it can be edited without affecting the scene Fig. 40 | Centering an image on the stage with the Properties window. Fig. 41 | Creating a shape tween Symbols may be embedded in one another; however, they cannot be placed within themselves. Fig. 42 | Adding the field symbol to the nameWindow movie clip. Fig. 43 | Creating an animation with the form field symbol. The Transform panel can be used to change an object’s size The Constrain checkbox causes the scale factor to be equal in the height and width fields The scale factor measures the change in proportion Fig. 44 | Duplicating movie-clip symbols with the Library panel. Changing a symbol’s function or appearance in its editing stage updates the symbol in the scene Fig. 45 | Creating a frame-by-frame animation. Fig. 46 | Bug2Bug.com help form. Creating a Website Splash Screen Many organizations use Flash to create website splash screens (i.e., introductions), product demos and web applications Flash animations are ideal for amusing visitors while conveying information as the rest of a page downloads â€Å"behind the scenes† A preloader is a simple animation that plays while the rest of the web page is loading Fig. 47 | Creating a rotating object with the motion tween Rotate option. Fig. 48 | Inserted movie clips. Fig. 16.49 | Changing gradient colors with the Color panel. Alpha A value between 0 and 100% that corresponds to a color’s transparency or opacity An alpha value of 0% appears transparent, whereas a value of 100% appears completely opaque The rate of progression in a gradient can be changed by sliding the color boxes Any color box may be removed from a gradient by clicking and dragging it off the gradient range Fig. 50 | Adding an intermediate color to a gradient. Ease Controls the rate of change during tween animation Negative values cause the animated change to be gradual at the beginning and become increasingly drastic Positive values cause the animation to change quickly in the first frames and less drastically as the animation progresses When a button is created from a shape, the button’s hit area is, by default, the area of the shape It is important to change the hit state of a button created from text so that it includes the spaces between the letters; otherwise, the link will work only when the user hovers over a letter’s area Fig. 51 | Defining the hit area of a button. var url : URLRequest = new URLRequest( â€Å"http://www.deitel.com† ); Creates a new URLRequest object named url navigateToURL( url, â€Å"_blank† ); navigateToURL takes the URL contained in the URLRequest object and opens it in the frame specified by the second argument â€Å"_blank† signifies that a new browser window should open when the user presses the button. Flash movies load frame by frame Frames containing complex images take longer to load Flash will continue playing the current frame until the next frame has loaded Fig. 52 | Creating an animation to preload images.

Pregnancy, Birth and the Newborn: Focus on Fasd

Running Head: FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDER Pregnancy, Birth and the Newborn: Focus on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder SWHB 405: Human Behavior in the Social Environment 1 ABSTRACT From conception to birth, the mother’s role in bringing to life and nurturing a healthy baby is paramount. Factors such as the mother’s biological, psychological and social environment play important roles in determining the wellbeing of a child. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, an irreversible condition in children caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy will be discussed.Its biological, psychological and societal implications will be deliberated and recommendations of interventions by Social Workers in alleviating the problem will be suggested. Key words: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Child Development Introduction All human life begins with a fertilized egg known as a zygote. By the eighth week, the zygote is transformed into a fetus which has m ost of its organs formed. After about 9 months (or 38 weeks) of going through transformation within the mother’s womb, the mother delivers a bouncing baby boy or girl into the world.During this time it is imperative that special care and attention is given to the mother and the child that she is carrying. Prenatal care ensures that the mother receives the much needed medical attention, nutritional advice and a positive life style tips. Particular attention is given unusual physiological and medical manifestations which could signal an array of life threatening situations for the mother and unborn child. The culmination of a successful pregnancy is the birth of a baby. Newborns weigh an average between 5. 5 and 9. pounds and they are awake and alert in first hours of life. Newborns begin learning their environment immediately and one of the things they internalize is developing a connection with the mother’s voice. The six states that a baby maintains are: quiet alert, active alert, crying state, drowsiness, quiet sleep, and active sleep (Ashford & Lecroy, 2012). Babies oscillate from an awakening curious baby, peak at crying when uncomfortable, and dip through to active sleep. These changes may occur slowly or rapidly throughout the course of any given day.Consequently, knowledge about this this critical life stage, helps parents to be better equipped to cope with and nurture the newborn. Risk factors during pregnancy and at birth Various physiological changes in a pregnant mother may cause or indicate a risk for both mother and child. A case in point is bleeding in the first trimester or late in the pregnancy which could mean possible loss of the child or neurological issues. In some instances, natural toxins could build in the mother’s bodies leading to high blood pressure and weight gain which may be fatal to the mother (Ashford & Lecroy, 2012).Further, an increased weight of the mother could bring on diabetes in the child, while low we ight of the child could be a precursor to mental retardation. Biological factors that may affect the fetus’ development during pregnancy include the mother’s age, the number of children prior and how far apart she has had each child (Boyce, 2010). Environmental factors, such as living conditions, diet deficiencies, and the emotional well-being of the mother can all affect the baby during its 38 week development.Pregnant women should be mindful of substances ingested during pregnancy as these are subsequently ingested by the fetus and affect its development. This is exemplified by studies demonstrating that women who drink caffeine tend to have a lower birth rate than women who avoid caffeine (Ashford & Lecroy, 2012). Other substances that could affect fetal development by causing birth deformities, premature births and possible hyperactivity include tobacco, over the counter medications, hormones and alcohol.Prenatal care there has been shown to dramatically improve th e chances of having a healthy baby. Nevertheless, there is a possibility of certain complications during birth can have lasting repercussions on a child’s life. An example is anoxia, a deficiency of oxygen during birth that could lead to the newborn developing cerebral palsy. Alcohol’s relevance in pregnancy, birth and the newborn Alcohol is a teratogen; an agent or factor that induces or increases the incidence of abnormal prenatal development (Shiel, 2010).Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy is manifested in a continuum of disabilities known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) (Warren & Murray, in press). The most severe form of this spectrum referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). An alarming statistic from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) studies shows that 0. 2 to 2 cases per 1000 babies are born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Since FASD presents a broad spectrum of symptoms some of which are â€Å"less severe†, it rem ains challenging to diagnose (Fleisher, 2010). As a result, FASD among children is either misdiagnosed or remains undetected.On the other hand, it is relatively easier to identify the key diagnostic features of FAS are they are better established. FASD is prevalent worldwide because alcohol is so widely accepted and used in so many cultures. The teratogenic effects of alcohol were not established until the second half of the 20th century when pediatrician, Paul Lemoine, in France in 1967 and two American pediatric dysmorphologists, Kenneth Lyons Jones and David Smith in 1973, independently documented the pattern of deficits resulting from heavy prenatal alcohol exposure (Warren & Murray, in press).Alcohol was attributed because the children in both settings had common patterns of deficits and it was observed that all of the birth mothers had been diagnosed with alcohol use disorders Biological manifestations The teratogenic effects of alcohol adversely affect the physical developmen t of the fetus and the child. Newborns and children with FAS generally exhibit stunted growth (CDC. Gov, 1983). A distinguishing feature of children with severe FASD and FAS is facial and limb dysmorphology.These children are generally shorter in stature and weigh less than their peers (Warren & Murray, in press). The cardinal or discriminating features include short palpebral fissures (eye opening), an elongated and hypoplastic philtrum (groove between nose and upper lip), and a thin upper vermillion lip border or hypoplastic â€Å"cupid’s bow†. Other features include a low nasal bridge, epicanthal folds (skin folds covering inner corner of the eye), minor ear anomalies, and micrognathia (abnormal smallness of the jaws). Psychological consequencesFacial and limb dysmorphology in children affected by FASD and FAS may cause the child is usually aware that something is â€Å"different† about him or her and thus affect their psychological wellbeing. Additionally, c hildren with FASD have cognitive challenges leading to a myriad of problems such as the following: memory loss, impaired motor skills, neurosensory hearing loss, impaired visual and spatial skills, intellectual impairment, attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity, problems with reasoning and judgment and an inability to appreciate consequences of actions (Wacha & Obrzut, 2007).Treatment and schooling can be very difficult for a child facing these challenges since their greatest challenge is learning and retaining information. Subsequently, the child may experience depression which can result in self-destructive behavior such as substance abuse, inappropriate sexual behavior, and suicide Societal implications Families are affected immensely when a child is born with FASD/FAS since he/she may exhibit anti-social behavior including an exaggerated startle response, poor wake and sleep patterns, impulsiveness, temper tantrums, lying and stealing (Fleisher, 2010).Moreover, schools, local health care systems, childcare and social services, and the justice system are usually ill-equipped to address the problems presented by FASD. As a result; a person with FASD may experience mental health problems, disrupted schooling, and involvement with crime, substance abuse, and dependent living and employment difficulties throughout their lifetime. As previously stated, the broad spectrum of manifestations of FASD makes it difficult to diagnose.Consequently, individuals suffering from FASD may not be properly diagnosed and are likely to be labeled social misfits and may spend a troubled life on the margins of society thus creating a monumental emotional burden on society (Wacha & Obrzut, 2007). Interventions to aid those affected by FASD These physical, mental, social, learning and behavioral limitations experienced by individuals with FASD have possible lifelong implications. Fortunately, there is help for both the individuals and their families provided by Social Service age ncies in form of resources and assistance needed to have a good quality of life.Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (1975), school aged children with disabilities (including those diagnosed with FAS) are provided with reasonable accommodations including untimed tests, sitting in front of the class, modified homework and the provision of necessary services and often the implementation of an Individualized Education Plan (IEP). An IEP details services that will be provided to assist the child in learning and may include services like Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, Speech and Language Therapy, and/or the provision of a classroom aide.These individuals often have social workers or case managers working with them to ensure that the services documented in the IEP’s are being provided and working effectively. Implications of FASD on Social Work FASD provides opportunities for Social Workers to play an important role in impacting positive change. Soc ial Workers could take the lead in screening for alcohol use among women of child-bearing age and educate them about the FASD (Boyce, 2010).Women who choose to continue drinking should be encouraged to use contraceptives to reduce the likelihood of giving birth to a child with FASD. Social Workers should also be actively involved in nutrition education to ensure that pregnant mothers are following balanced diet for optimum fetal development. Nutrition education should especially target participants of the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) and Women, Infants and Children (WIC) as these populations’ income may limit their food choices.FASD often have significant lifelong deficits in functional life skills that can lead to problems with day to day functioning. In adulthood, these deficits can be manifested in mental health difficulties, disrupted job experiences, trouble with the law, substance abuse and difficulties with independent living. Hence Social Workers play the important role of advocating for individuals affected by FASD, helping them to navigate their immediate environment and linking them with support services (Warren & Murray, in press).Prevention of FASD is of great importance and this implies that Social Workers have the responsibility of mobilizing campaigns against drinking during pregnancy. This can be done through community education, incorporating medical personnel in research and preventive practice as well as holding alcohol producers accountable for posting health warning labels on publicity items. Conclusion Maternal alcohol use is a worldwide phenomenon that indiscriminately affects families and children of all ethnicities in all societies.Fortunately, it is possible to classify and tackle the treatment problems raised by individuals with FASD. The hope is that with continued research, education, and support from Social Service agencies, this problem can be prevented. While resources are available to help individu als and their families, it is important to know that the best treatment of FASD is prevention. It is not yet known the specific timing, frequency and quantity of alcohol use throughout the gestational period that are responsible FASD and FAS.Drinking early in the gestational period, before the woman even knows she is pregnant may present special risks for the developing embryo. Thus strategies to prevent alcohol use in pregnancy need to take into consideration that the prevalence of drinking by women of child-bearing age is on the rise in many parts of the world and most pregnancies are not planned. Bibliography CDC. Gov. (1983, January 13). Retrieved from Perspectives in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Public Awareness Week: http://www. dc. gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000257. htm Ashford, J. B. , & Lecroy, C. W. (2012). Human Behavior in the Social Environment: A Multidimensional Approach. Belmont, CA: Cole Cengage. Boyce, M. (2010, June). A Better F uture for Baby: Stemming the tide of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Journal of Family Practice, 59(6). Fleisher, S. (2010, May). Foetal Alcohol Syndrome: Raising Awareness about Alcohol in Pregnancy. British Journal of Midwifery, 18(5). Shiel, W. C. (2010, December 21). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.Retrieved from Medicinenet. com: http://www. medicinenet. com/fetal_alcohol_syndrome/article. htm Wacha, V. , & Obrzut, J. (2007, June). Effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome on Neuropsychological Function. Journal of Development and Physical Disabilities, 19(3). Warren, K. , & Murray, M. (in press). Alcohol and Pregnancy: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Alcohol: Science, Policy and Public Health. ——————————————– [ 1 ].The purpose of prenatal care is to monitor the development, health and nutritional status of both the mother and the baby during the pregnancy to ensure an uncomplicated pregnancy and the delivery of a live and healthy infant. [ 2 ]. Some pregnant women may develop gestational diabetes (or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM), a condition in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levels during pregnancy (especially during third trimester). [ 3 ]. Cerebral palsy is a term encompassing a group of non-progressive, non-contagious motor conditions that cause physical disability in human development.

Civil Rights Museum in Greensboro, NC

Civil Rights Museum in Greensboro, NC In early 1960s, there was a lot of discrimination in the United States of America such that the blacks and the whites could not mingle in public places such as restaurants. The civil rights museum in Greensboro was established as a reminder and in honor of the four students who were pioneers in fighting for civil rights. For the people who have never experienced racial discrimination, they would understand its real meaning when they visit this museum. This paper will provide some insights about the museum.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Civil Rights Museum in Greensboro, NC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to records of history in 1960 there were four freshmen college students who decided to go against segregations rules and decided to sit in an area designated for whites. The four students were not of the same race and their names were Franklin McCain, Joseph Mcnail, Ezell Blair and David Richmond (O.Henr y Hotel 1). These four students are thought to have set the pace for a campaign dubbed the sitting in movement. Rothstein explains that the museum is inside Woolworth building in Greensboro, which is one of the oldest buildings in the city (1). The museum is usually open on all days of the week except from Mondays. The building is very spacious because it has food joints and conference facilities and as well as big rooms for people who wish to conduct training sessions from there. The building is ideal for its purpose because it represent the old days in so many ways, such as its architectural design. The museum was established in 1993 by Melvin Alston and Earl Jones. The museum has a committee of five members who are under the chairmanship of Melvin Alston. The chairman of the committee is assisted by a vice chairman, secretary, and the treasurer. The museum has a management board that is comprised of the board of the directors including the chairman. Once you enter the museum you are ushered in by the exhibition tour guides who take you through the exhibition by explaining the meaning of various artifacts found in the museum. Without these guides, visitors would not enjoy their visit because they would not understand how the artifacts were used which is crucial in understanding history. There are video recordings that explain the events that took place during the struggle against discrimination. There are photographs of the four students who pioneered the sit in movement that was shot as they were walking out of a restaurant that was designated for whites only. There is a photograph named ‘all men are equal’ that displays how racial discrimination took place in America. This photo shows four black Americans in a restaurant, perhaps one of those set aside for whites. There is also a film that features the Greensboro four, that is, the four freshmen students as they were discussing their experiences with segregation laws. This film is thought to h ave been an eye opener because it is said that they started their campaign after they were done with their discussion (Bringle 1). There is a display called ‘the hall of shame’ that shows how the African-Americans were mistreated from the slavery period until the segregation period. Besides, there is a wall dedicated to the people who died in the struggle for human rights.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The museum contains artifacts that tell more about historic happenings that are related to human right activism. Among the artifacts include a bus seat that bears the signature of an activist by the name Rosa parks. This seat implies that there were buses or seats that were designated for blacks and whites. There is a green book, travel guide, which was probably referred to by visitors in order to identify the guest houses and other amenities that were isolated fo r each race. There are so many artifacts but the most important thing is that they also tell the evolution in technology that has taken place. This is evidenced by the presence of a typewriter that is perceived to have been used by an African -American activist. Moreover, the kind of firearms used in those days is also portrayed by the photos. The artifacts demonstrate the skills of ancient people in painting, sculptures, and photography, among other disciplines. There is a gift shop within the museum that sells the artifacts to visitors who are willing to buy them. Original artifacts are normally expensive compared to imitations, but then most buyers do not know the difference between the two. The museum has really embraced technology because it has a website that contains its gift shop virtually. In addition to that, the visitors can book for their visits and obtain their tickets online through the use of the Internet. From the look of things, the activists have not yet ceased fro m fighting for equality among all the races that reside in America. This is because there are notices of upcoming events in the museum’s notice board that are used to remember those who died in the struggle for equality. At the end of the guided tour, every one was astonished to find out how our fore fathers were divided along racial lines. Of all the exhibits the one that really touched me was the seat that was signed by an activist. I could not imagine living in a world where some people think they are more special than others. In my view these segregations are the ones that triggered the campaigns against racial discrimination. Therefore, such historic places should be conserved for future generations. By this I mean that everything inside the museum plus the building should be safeguarded because they are the ones that help us to understand where we have come from and thus appreciate what we have achieved. Bringle, Jenifer. †Civil rights museum in Greensboro, N.C., Honors 1960 Protest at Lunch Counter.† The Washington Post. 21 Feb. 2010. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Civil Rights Museum in Greensboro, NC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More O.Henry Hotel. International Civil Rights Center Museum, Greensboro. 2010. Web. Rothstein, Edward. †Four Men, a Counter and Soon, Revolution.† New York Times. 31 Jan. 2010. Web.

A Guide On Writing A Winning Creative Essay

A Guide On Writing A Winning Creative Essay How to Write a Strong Creative Essay An essay is a special type of written assignment that requires much more from the student than good research skills. The biggest component of successful essay writing is writing skills, and most people aren’t born with a set of skills that a professionally written essay requires. We acquire writing skills throughout our education, but what if you have an essay due in a couple of days and fear that your might lack creative writing skills? This isn’t an uncommon situation at all many students and newbie writers realize that putting their thoughts into words that will engage the audience and make up an interesting piece of writing isn’t the easiest thing in the world. However, there is also no need to become desperate, as we have some helpful tips to make your creative writing assignment easier and more successful. What Is A Creative Essay? So what exactly makes creative writing so different from anything else you’ll encounter in your life as a student and more challenging than any other assignment? A creative essay is a type of nonfiction writing, which means it should be based on real-life events. Unlike technical literature or journalistic pieces, creative essay doesn’t simply inform readers of an event or concept it introduces the subject in a way that is fascinating and informative to the audience. A creative essay writer can use different methods to convey their point of view: in many successful creative essays you will find as many literary devices as in a strong fiction piece. Depending on the purpose and the subject of the assignment, you may be asked to write a descriptive or narrative essay. 4 Features Of Creative Essay There are several types of creative essays you may sooner or later encounter, but all truly creative nonfiction essays have these 4 features in common: The writer should base their writing on thorough research and analysis of the facts, which should then be interpreted for the story. A good creative essay combines facts with fiction in a manner that is both enlightening and entertaining to the readers. The writer employs various techniques to engage the audience starting from the very first sentence of the essay and keeps them interested until the last word. A creative essay needs to be based on a major, universal experience. This is essentially everything you need to know about creative essay as a genre. If you want to know how to write a convincing creative essay, keep reading for some helpful tips! How To Pick The Right College Creative Essay Topic If you are free to choose your own topic for the next creative essay assignment, here are some ways to find the perfect topic for your writing exercise: Find a concept that greatly influenced your opinion and tell your audience about it; Imagine you have been assigned as a keynote speaker: what would you talk about? Describe your biggest talent and how it helped you navigate through life; Choose one historical event from the past that influenced you the most and talk about it; Who is the one historical figure you would like to talk to and why? Choose a viral video or some other piece of content everyone is familiar with and analyze it. How To Write A Creative Essay Working on any writing assignment and creative essay in particular requires a lot of effort from you, and in order to do the best job with creating a convincing piece of writing, there are some rules you need to follow. As soon as you have the topic for your essay, it is time to brainstorm some ideas. The best way to keep the ideas organized and connected to each other is to create a mind map, which will highlight the links between different concepts and points of your writing. The next thing you need to do is conduct thorough research using every method available to you to gather as much evidence supporting your ideas as possible. You can use internet for doing the research, but don’t forget to properly reference your findings in the writing. When enough research was done, you can move on to creating the outline of your work. And don’t forget to design a powerful thesis, as it will serve as the base for the rest of the essay. Creative Essay Structure The structure of a typical creative essay isn’t different from the most traditional written assignment structure you likely worked with before. Your creative essay needs to have an introduction, at least three body paragraphs, and conclusion. The introduction has to be powerful: view it as a way to grab attention of your readers and convince them to give your piece a more detailed look. The first sentence is especially important in this regard: you can use statistics, facts, quotes, or anecdotes as your hook. The final sentence of your introduction is a thesis statement make sure to put some extra thought into it. The next step in writing a creative essay is designing the body paragraphs. Each key point of your essay needs to be discussed in a separate paragraph. Start each paragraph with an opening sentence that explains what the readers are about to find out from the paragraph. Each point must be supported by strong evidence. You should also use smooth transitions between each paragraph to ensure a logical flow of the writing and showcase your excellent writing skills. The conclusion is the finishing touch that also influences the success of your essay. Here you can once again state your thesis, briefly reintroduce the supporting ideas, and tell the audience why your work is significant. Editing and Proofreading Even the most skilled writers create several drafts of their work before showing it to the audience. Editing your essay may take some time, but it’s the best way to make sure your writing meets the highest standards. When reading and editing your work, pay attention even to the smallest details: correct the structure and flow of the essay if necessary. Proofreading is another important aspect of essay writing. While proofreading your essay, you not only have to correct possible grammar and punctuation mistakes, but also ensure that your choice of words fits proper academic style. Of course, spelling mistakes have no place in a quality creative paper. Writing a Creative Essay Title The title of your creative essay is the first impression the reader gets of your work, so it’s super important not to take time and pay enough attention to coming up with a great title for the essay. The title should be completely relevant to the subject and grab the reader’s attention from the first words. The most effective strategy for designing a winning title is taking the most essential idea of the essay and rewriting it to make it even more powerful and engaging. Do You Need Help with Creative Essay? These tips explain the nature of writing creative essay and give you some valuable insight into how to do a great job in this challenging task. But what if writing is simply not your forte? What if you have been looking for the ideal essay topic for days but still haven’t found one? What if there is simply not enough time and you already have several other important assignments? Many students struggle with writing creative essays, but there is one simple solution that will help you improve your grades in the most effortless way possible! Let our professional writers create the essay for you, strictly following all the guidelines and requirements you provide. We have every tool and solution to deliver custom-written academic papers whenever you want, so don’t hesitate and get in touch with us to get the help you need.

Great Quotes From the Glass Menagerie

Great Quotes From the Glass Menagerie The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams is often called a memory play. We learn about a small American family, that would probably be considered rather normal or everyman family. The play is also popular because there are autobiographical elements. Scene 1 In memory everything seems to happen to music. Tom Wingfield is speaking as narrator. Theres an interesting quality that seems to associate itself without memories. It sometimes feels as though we are watching the events unfold before us (on a stage) or watching a replayed movie- of someone elses life- thats been set to music. It doesnt always seem real. And, even if we know that it happened, theres that feeling that were all pawns in some huge, but very artificial menagerie. Yes, I have tricks in my pocket, I have things up my sleeve. But I am the opposite of a stage magician. He gives you illusion that has the appearance of truth. I give you truth in the pleasant disguise of illusion. Here, in Scene 1, Tom Wingfield is speaking as narrator. Hes one of the characters in the action of this play, but hes also a twist on the concept of a magician. Scene 2 Mother, when youre disappointed, you get that awful suffering look on your face, like the picture of Jesus mother in the museum. Laura Wingfield is talking to her mother (Amanda). The interplay could be described as a rather-typical mother-daughter interchange. I know so well what becomes of unmarried women who arent prepared to occupy a position. Ive seen such pitiful cases in the South- barely tolerated spinsters living upon the grudging patronage of sisters husband or brothers wife!- stuck away in some little mousetrap of a room- encouraged by one in-law to visit another- little birdlike women without any nest- eating the crust of humility all their life! Is that the future that weve mapped out for ourselves? Amanda Wingfield has tied herself into the fortunes (and futures- good and bad) of her children, which explains some of her manipulative mentality toward them. Why youre not crippled, you just have a little defect- hardly noticeable, even! When people have some slight disadvantage like that, they cultivate other things to make up for it- develop charm- and vivacity- and- charm! Note: Amanda Wingfield is manipulating her daughter, Laura. Girls that arent cut out for business careers usually wind up married to some nice man. Amanda Wingfield has learned that her daughter, Laura, has dropped out of business school. Scene 3 I took that horrible novel back to the library- yes! That hideous book by that insane Mr. Lawrence. I cannot control the output of diseased minds or people who cater to them- BUT I WONT ALLOW SUCH FILTH BROUGHT INTO MY HOUSE! No, no, no, no, no! Amanda Every time you come in yelling that Goddamn Rise and Shine! Rise and Shine! I say to myself, How lucky dead people are! But I get up. I go! For sixty-five dollars a month I give up all that I dream of doing and being ever! And you say self- selfs all I ever think of. Why, listen, if self is what I though of, Mother, Id be where he is GONE! Tom Scene 4 I know your ambitions do not lie in the warehouse, that like everybody in the whole wide world- youve had to- make sacrifices, but- Tom- Tom- lifes not easy, it calls for- Spartan endurance! Amanda Man is by instinct a lover, a hunter, a fighter, and none of those instincts are given much play at the warehouse! Tom as he argues with his mother Amanda about his career This was the compensation for lives that passed like mine, without any change or adventure. Adventure and change were imminent in this year. They were waiting around the corner for all these kids. Tom Scene 5 You are the only young man that I know of who ignores the fact that the future becomes the present, the present becomes the past, and the past turns into everlasting regret if you dont plan for it! Amanda to Tom No girl can do worse than put herself at the mercy of a handsome appearance. The Glass Menagerie Amanda, referring to the bad choice she made in marrying a handsome man, Scene 5. She lives in a world of her own- a world of- little glass ornaments. Tom, about Laura. Scene 6 He was shooting with such velocity through his adolescence that you would logically expect him to arrive at nothing short of the White House by the time he was thirty. Toms impressions of Jim OConnor when they were both in high school All pretty girls are a trap, a pretty trap, and men expect them to be. This is a perfect representation of a modernist perspective on marriage and relationships. Amanda is trying to make her daughter, Laura, as attractive as possible. Its jaded and does not seem to have the idea of love as part of the equation. People go to the movies instead of moving! Hollywood characters are supposed to have all the adventures for everybody in America, while everybody in America sits in a dark room and watches them have them! Yes, until theres a war. Thats when adventure becomes available to the masses. Tom I know I seem dreamy, but inside- well, Im boiling! Whenever I pick up a shoe, I shudder a little thinking how short life is and what I am doing! Whatever that means, I know it doesnt mean shoes - except as something to wear on a travelers feet! Tom All of my gentlemen callers were sons of planters and so of course I assumed that I would be married to one and raise my family on a large piece of land with plenty of servants. But man proposes- and woman accepts the proposal! To vary that old, old saying a bit-I married no planter! I married a man who worked for the telephone company! This is an example of Amanda, and her brand of Southern-belle sentimentality and charm- high in volume and heavy on the flourish. Scene 7 People are not so dreadful when you get to know them. Jim is giving his sister words-of-wisdom (to help with shyness). You think of yourself as having the only problems, as being the only one who is disappointed. But just look around you and you will see lots of people as disappointed as you are. Jim to Laura I believe in the future of television! I wish to be ready to go up right along with it. Therefore Im planning to get in on the ground floor. In fact Ive already made the right connections and all that remains is for the industry itself to get under way! Full steam- Knowledge- Zzzzzp! Money- Zzzzzp!- Power! Thats the cycle democracy is built on. Jim Most of them are little animals made out of glass, the tiniest little animals in the world. Mother calls them a glass menagerie! Heres an example of one, if youd like to see it! ... Oh, be careful- if you breathe, it breaks! ... Hold him over the light, he loves the light! You see how the light shines through him? This is part of the interaction between Laura and Jim, who accidentally bumps the table (while they are dancing). The glass unicorn breaks. Glass breaks so easily. No matter how careful you are. Laura is talking to Jim, but its an ironic reference to Laura (and to her whole family). They are all fragile, and will break apart. I wish that you were my sister. Id teach you to have some confidence in yourself. The different people are not like other people, but being different is nothing to be ashamed of. Because other people are not such wonderful people. Theyre one hundred times one thousand. Youre one times one! They walk all over the earth. You just stay here. Theyre common as- weeds, but- you- well, youre- Blue Roses! Jim is talking to Laura Things have a way of turning out so badly. Amanda is being her ole pessimistic self, thinking the worst in every situation! You dont know things anywhere! You live in a dream; you manufacture illusions! Amanda is criticizing Tom yet again. In reality, he has a better, more firm, grasp of reality than she does. She exists in a glass menagerie of her own making, and wants to control every aspect of it. Thats right, now that youve had us make such fools of ourselves. The effort, the preparations, all the expense! The new floor lamp, the rug, the clothes for Laura! all for what? To entertain some other girls fiancà ©! Go to the movies, go! Dont think about us, a mother deserted, an unmarried sister whos crippled and has no job! Dont let anything interfere with your selfish pleasure I just go, go, go- to the movies! Amanda I didnt go to the moon, I went much further- for time is the longest distance between two places. Tom I left Saint Louis. I descended the steps of this fire escape for a last time and followed, from then on, in my fathers footsteps, attempting to find in motion what was lost in space. . . . I would have stopped, but I was pursued by something. . . . I pass the lighted window of a shop where perfume is sold. The window is filled with pieces of colored glass, tiny transparent bottles in delicate colors, like bits of a shattered rainbow. Then all at once my sister touches my shoulder. I turn around and look into her eyes. Oh, Laura, Laura, I tried to leave you behind me, but I am more faithful than I intended to be! I reach for a cigarette, I cross the street, I run into the movies or a bar, I buy a drink, I speak to the nearest stranger- anything that can blow your candles out!- for nowadays the world is lit by lightning! Blow out your candles Laura- and so goodbye. This is the closing scene in the play. Tom is giving an update on what has happened in his life, in the intervening years.

Alzheimer's Disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Alzheimer's Disease - Research Paper Example Alzheimer is mostly seen in individuals who are above the age of forty five and it principally develops into dementia in its latter stages. It is characterized by loss of cognitive abilities which occurs due to the loss of normal brain functions. In the latter stages of Alzheimer Disease the sufferer becomes totally disoriented and shows memory loss such that he is not able to recognize his very close family members. (Evans et al, 1989; Gao et al, 1999). The primary feature of Alzheimer Disease is the atrophy of the cortex. But in some cases it is seen that neuritic processes may accumulate, abnormalities in cerebral nucleus may occur or amyloid angiopathy may be seen. It is seen that Alzhemier Disease does not show any symptoms early at age but after a person reaches 50 the symptoms become obvious. As an individual ages the chances of the disease increase even more often reaching to a level of 40% in individuals who are in their eighties ((Evans et al, 1989; Gao et al, 1999; Strauss et al 1999 ). Studies on the disease have shown that cortical atrophy is the major cause of the disease. The cerebral sulci become more prominent in the temporal, frontal and parietal lobes. To cover up for this atrophy usually the ventricle in the brain enlarges. Microscopic studies have shown that neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles accumulate along with amyloid angiopathy. Neuritic plaques are spherical neuritic processes which surround the central amyloid core in Alzheimer. Neurofibrillary tangles are a group of filaments which are found in the cytoplasm of the neurons that usually surround the nucleus. Amyloid angiopathy is a sign of Alzhemier Disease bu t it can also be found in other diseases. It is believed that Alzheimer later progresses to dementia in individuals because of loss of choline accetyltransferase, synaptophysin immunoreactivity and loss of synaptic transmission. It is believed that Alzheimer is primarily caused by a protein known as AÃŽ ². AÃŽ ² is

Organizational Trends Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational Trends Discussion - Essay Example This type of organization creates superior organizational capabilities that help sustain high performance driven results. HPO's tend to be organized around operational business processes and its human resource policies are designed to enhance employee's motivation, flexibility and knowledge. The main characteristics of an HPO are: employee involvement where decision making is delegated at all organizational levels, self directed work teams provide empowerment for organizational teams to be involved in planning, performing and evaluating their own performance, integrated production technologies to combine technology, resources and knowledge to better serve the organization's needs, and a total quality management philosophy to everyday business. â€Å"High performance organizations strive to deliver superior service, quality and financial performance† (Schermerhorn & Hunt & Osborn). HPO's tend leaders in their respective industries have successful track records and they have the inherent flexibility and resourcefulness to respond to a rapidly changing and dynamic business environment. This type of organization tends to have a clear emphasis towards intellectual capital or the sum total of knowledge, expertise and dedication that is part of the organization's workforce.

Banquo and King Hamlet the friendly ghosts Essay

Banquo and King Hamlet the friendly ghosts - Essay Example In both Hamlet and Macbeth, Shakespeare uses the supernatural element of ghosts to build his plot by making it more dramatic, and to resolve the play’s central conflict. In Hamlet the ghost is first seen by Horatio who interprets its appearance as a warning to Denmark of an impending threat. When it appears again, Horatio confronts it but it vanishes without uttering a word. When Hamlet is informed of visitations by a ghost that looks like his father he vows to confront it. When the ghost reappears, Hamlet calls out asking what its purpose is but it only beckons him to follow which he does despite Horatio and Marcello’s efforts to stop him. It identifies itself as the spirit of Hamlet’s father: The ghost informs Hamlet that Claudius, who is his uncle and currently his stepfather, is the murderer. This infuriates hamlet significantly enough to desire for vengeance. However, the ghost reminds him to be gentle with his mother and leave her judgment to God. The ghost commands Hamlet to avenge his father’s death which Hamlet is at first unable to do prompting the ghost to appear to him again in his mother’s boudoir. The ghost reproaches Hamlet for not carrying out its orders about avenging his father’s murder stating, â€Å"Do not forget. This visitation, Is but to whet thy almost blunted purpose† (3.4.101). Scared of the witches’ prophesy about one of Banquo’s sons becoming king, Macbeth sends killers to murder Banquo in the play Macbeth. The witches had prophesied to Banquo that, â€Å"Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none† (1.3.67). Banquo is murdered but his ghost later appears while Macbeth is hosting a banquet and quietly sits next to him without uttering a word. The ghost’s face is drenched in blood and covered with cuts all over. It is a terrifying sight only visible to Macbeth. It is invisible to other people in the feast. It has been argued that the since the ghost was only visible to

Analyse three types of economic systems illustrating the problems and Essay

Analyse three types of economic systems illustrating the problems and advantages associated with them - Essay Example The main types of economic systems that have been in use all over the globe are traditional, command and market economic systems. Another type of economic system is the mixed economy that is a blend of pure command and pure market economies. This paper will discuss the traditional, command and market economic systems. The paper will evaluate the problems and advantages that are associated with each of the economic systems discussed. This form of economy is shaped by traditions of the people or societies who practice it. The good and services produced follow certain long-established patterns (McCorkle, & National Council on Economic Education, 2011). Moreover, the manner in which the goods and services are exchanged also follows certain traditions. These forms of economic are rarely dynamic and hence are very predictable. The interests of the community precede personal interests. In most cases, people are expected to come together and work as a community. Personal ownership of property is rare, and if present it is controlled by certain obligations that favor the community over the individual (McCorkle, & National Council on Economic Education, 2011). In the modern world, most countries have stopped using this form of economy. However, it is still evident in communities such as the Australian aborigines who live in the Amazon. This system of economy is mainly based on agricultural activities such as fishing, hunting, and gathering. In most cases, barter trade is used. Such economies have a characteristic of being able to meet the daily needs, but they show little economic progression. An Economic decision must follow the tradition of the community practicing this form of economic system. In this form of economy, distribution of resources is open since it follows customs and traditions that are known by all the people. Production of goods and services is easy since each and everyone understands the role they have to play in

Critical Reflection Journal.School to Prison Pipeline Essay

Critical Reflection Journal.School to Prison Pipeline - Essay Example It is important to ensure that discipline and freedom are enhanced through and in the education system. As noted earlier, the education system should be blamed for the pipeline. Most public schools suffer from lack of enough resources, for example, lack of enough and qualified teachers, insufficient funds, overcrowded classrooms, lack of counselors, and lack special education facilities among others. These factors have led to increased number of school dropouts (Laura, 2014). Some students have been sent to disciplinary alternative schools and juvenile detention after being expelled from the public schools. Some schools have been giving very severe punishments to students on very petty issues through the zero-tolerance policies. The education system should ensure that it disciplines its students as well as give them the freedom they need. Freedom and discipline should go hand in hand. In addition, the education’s main aim should be to mold the students, but not punishing them (Laura, 2014). The education system should ensure that it develops ways and practices that curb the pipeline. Firstly, there is need to abolish the Zero-tolerance policies and develop other realistic disciplinary measures. Secondly, there is a need to equip the schools with more resources like teachers, classes and counselors rather than the policies. The fact that many schools are inadequate resources has led to over-reliance on police, judges and jails rather than on teachers. Lastly, there is a need to curb racism in the education sector. It can be noted that â€Å"students of color† are the most dominant in the juvenile detention

Catholic View of the Death Penalty Research Paper

Catholic View of the Death Penalty - Research Paper Example In 1992, the church approved the first universal catechism. According to Pope John Paul II, the text was a complete exposition of catholic doctrine. This would enable everyone to understand what the church believes, celebrates, lives and prays (Daly, Doody, and Paffenroth, pp. 50). However, the publication was revised within a short time and particularly the section dealing with the death penalty. The first section of the death penalty was based on the traditional catholic principle, which gave the death penalty a moral definition. It gave the public authority the right and duty to punish offenders with the gravity of the crime which included the death penalty. This was to redress the disorder and damage caused by the crime. However, it proposed bloodless means as a way of defending human lives against aggressors and provide public safety (Hodgkinson and Schabas, pp 97). The public authority was supposed to use bloodless means to conform to human dignity of the offender. This was the earlier catholic teaching permitting capital punishments to defend life and maintain public order. The use of bloodless means was preferred in line with Christian calling to show mercy instead of vengeance. When the catechism publication was revised in 1997, the purpose of capital punishment had been removed. The notion of capital punishment as deterrence to other capital crimes was also reduced. Prior to this release, the pope had issued a letter about human life that addressed several moral issues regarding defending human life. This letter revealed capital offender as human beings who deserved humanity and condemned death penalty. This letter had an impact on Vatican commissioners overseeing the revisions. The catechism was supposed to be a teaching guide that upholds morals to about 1.1 billion Catholics around the world. The argument of the death penalty as a protection of public order was scrubbed and justified with the defense of human life against aggressors. Death penalty could only be used to protect the society from capital criminals (Owens, Carlson, and Elshtain, pp. 60). The document provided a restricted application of the death penalty and the cases requiring execution were very few or nonexistent. This issue was given a broader discussion of legitimate defense and human morality. The public authority had to respect personal and social rights of the criminal. Criminals were also provided with the opportunity to regain their freedom by including remedies for both the offender and the criminals. The church had considered introducing morality on the death penalty before the first catechism publication. Biblical convictions about good and evil, sin and redemption, justice and mercy acted as the basis for shifting the view of the death penalty. According to the bible, life is a precious gift from God and human beings were created in God’s image. Jesus was crucified between two capital criminals as a way of redeeming human beings. Individuals who deny the dignity of fellow humans required dignity as a gift from God rather than something earned through behavior. However, the Law of Moses in the Old Testament prescribes death for about thirty six offenses (Campbell, pp. 15). Early Catholic Christians used this justification to punish capital offenders by convicting them to death. Biblical excerpts such as a limb for limb, tooth for tooth, and eye

Critical Reflection Journal.School to Prison Pipeline Essay

Critical Reflection Journal.School to Prison Pipeline - Essay Example It is important to ensure that discipline and freedom are enhanced through and in the education system. As noted earlier, the education system should be blamed for the pipeline. Most public schools suffer from lack of enough resources, for example, lack of enough and qualified teachers, insufficient funds, overcrowded classrooms, lack of counselors, and lack special education facilities among others. These factors have led to increased number of school dropouts (Laura, 2014). Some students have been sent to disciplinary alternative schools and juvenile detention after being expelled from the public schools. Some schools have been giving very severe punishments to students on very petty issues through the zero-tolerance policies. The education system should ensure that it disciplines its students as well as give them the freedom they need. Freedom and discipline should go hand in hand. In addition, the education’s main aim should be to mold the students, but not punishing them (Laura, 2014). The education system should ensure that it develops ways and practices that curb the pipeline. Firstly, there is need to abolish the Zero-tolerance policies and develop other realistic disciplinary measures. Secondly, there is a need to equip the schools with more resources like teachers, classes and counselors rather than the policies. The fact that many schools are inadequate resources has led to over-reliance on police, judges and jails rather than on teachers. Lastly, there is a need to curb racism in the education sector. It can be noted that â€Å"students of color† are the most dominant in the juvenile detention

African Studies & Feminism Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

African Studies & Feminism - Term Paper Example Van Allen’s analysis (1972) makes the important point that Colonialism caused a tremendous amount of loss to Igbo women. This challenges the common view that Colonialism was a good thing, and that it saved women from all kinds of barbarous practices. This reason is the transfer of sexist and discriminatory attitudes from the colonial powers to African society such as the view that â€Å"politics was a man’s concern† (Van Allen, 1972, p.165-166). Finally, this article clearly demonstrates that a sophisticated village-by-village system of government had operated very successfully before the colonial powers arrived, and that it was elimination of the village assembly, in which all villagers had the right to speak, that did the most damage to the position of Igbo women in their society. The voice of women in village affairs was silenced and they were thus prevented from participating in decisions that affected their lives and the lives of their families. This article shows the harm that was done by Colonialism, in the name of progress, and identifies the source of the modern day oppression of Igbo women as being the Colonial powers, and not local ideas and customs, The report by O’Barr et al. captures the enthusiasm and the main resolutions of a massive meeting of 14,000 women called to mark the end of the United Nations Decade for Women.A key outcome was the realization that the enormous differences that exist between the experiences of women in very different countries are likely to continue on into the future, and the meeting resolved to ensure that these differences would â€Å"generate a creative strength, not draining weakness, in the effort to implement a women’s agenda nationally and internationally† ... The diversity of voices is a deliberate tactic to illustrate a second important finding: there will not be a one-size-fits-all solution to problems that affect women world-wide. Themes such as divorce, aging, widowhood and non-marriage show considerable convergence between Third World and Western women’s experiences, but some areas such as poverty and exclusion from education and healthcare are highlighted as being very different, depending on location (O’Barr et al. 1986, p. 592). A third important contribution in this article is the factor of race, and it was noted that women of African descent in particular had to deal with the issue of racial privilege, most usually accorded to white women, and in some countries this was compounded by issues like ethnic and gender segregation imposed by the state in question. Although this article is not formed into a smooth and logical argument, like the Van Allen (1972) article it nevertheless makes a powerful statement through it s multifaceted approach, giving a full range of information from many perspectives. It shows that women in the world face many different challenges, and that efforts to tackle them will need to be varied and flexible, in order to adapt to each situation. Above all, the coming together of leading women in great numbers gives a tremendous boost to those involved, and it creates a momentum for political change that ripples across the globe. The most striking feature of Amina Mama’s article on Gender Studies for Africa’s Transformation (2003) is that it represents a new generation’s perspective. It builds on the work of papers such as the two mentioned above, and reports on scholarly work and teaching conducted by African women and for African

Human Trafficking Ans Smuggling In The United Nations Criminology Essay

Human Trafficking Ans Smuggling In The United Nations Criminology Essay Human trafficking and smuggling has been amongst the fastest increasing international crimes according to United Nations. The crimes entail different types of crimes running over different nations and involving an ever-increasing figure of victims (United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute, 1999). Human trafficking involves targeting the victims of human trafficking as objects of sexual abuse. The aim of human trafficking is for the trafficker to gain profitably by exploiting the victim. Fraud, coercion and use of force play an important role in human trafficking. It is sometimes not easy to establish the difference between smuggling and trafficking in the beginning stage. Trafficking in most cases engrosses an aspect of smuggling, particularly the passage through the border of a country. Human smuggling on the other hand involves the smoothening the progress of transportation, effort to transport or the illegitimate entry of a person or persons across an international border through contravention of one or more countries laws through deception like using of fraudulent travel documents. In most cases, smuggling is performed for the purpose of obtaining financial or material gains by the smuggler although the material gains are not essentially part of the crime. Smuggling of human beings is in most cases done with approval of the person who is smuggled often by paying a lot of money. Smuggled persons after being smuggled in their destination countries are left free by their smugglers. Human trafficking is a criminal activity and a relentless infringement of human rights that is of great worry worldwide. The overwhelming majority of the people trafficked include women and children. The United Nations describes trafficking in persons as the recruitment, transfer, transportation, harboring or receiving of people through use of threat or force or other methods of compulsion, kidnap, and trickery, or of the abuse of power or of a position of defenselessness or receiving payments or gains to acquire approval of a person to have control over another person for the purposes of exploitation. Human trafficking crime engrosses several different crimes spanning many nations and entailing a growing number of victims. According to, Stoeker, Shelley,(2005), human trafficking can be matched up to present day form of slavery. Theories supporting human trafficking According to (Nicola, 2009) the biological theory proposes that the male impulse of sex which is uncontrollable as theà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦for food or drink. Women and the other hand haveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ sexual impulse.According to this theory, exchange for sex for payments provides an answer to the requirement for majority of men sexual outlet However, some writers claim that the theory is outdated since current studies has stressed the need for self control of sexual impulse and an vital role social and cultural issues in characterizing the male need for sexual impulse. The psychological-personality cluster of theories tries to give psychological explanation for the requirement of commercial sex thus favoring children and women trafficking to provide the services. The social theories also try to support the commercial sex trade by clarifying that, the attention of the sex industry is not independently driven by only the personalities involved but it is a product of the surrounding social and cultural context. The author of the theory clarifies that the demand for prostitution is a means of male bonding. Victims of human traffic are in most cases abused bodily and emotionally. Although, human trafficking is regularly believed as an international crime involving crossing of borders, the crime can also occur within the country where victims are trafficked within their own countries. Where human trafficking takes place within the country, traffickers in most cases transport victims between locations within the same country and sell them to other human trafficking organizations. While differences exist between human trafficking and human smuggling, the fundamental issues that contribute to the increased level of these crimes are in most cases the same. In general, lack of employment, extreme poverty, political uncertainty and civil unrest are the major factors that give rise to a condition that promote human trafficking and human smuggling. Human trafficking which is also the current form of slavery is a criminal act and an abuse of basic human rights such as right to dignity, right to freedom and right to equal protection of the law which affects every nation globally (Fisher Lab, 2010). Trafficking in humans is among the small number of crimes that is pursued from the victims side, with the aim of stopping of the crime, protection of the victims and trial of the traffickers. Humans are trafficked are for the purposes of labor and sexual exploitation while children are trafficked for purposes of misuse in begging and illegal activities and for taking away of organs. According to (Friman, Reich, 2007), human trafficking is closely associated with organized crime. Reports from Europol, suggest that the number of human traffic victims to Europe can reach a hundred thousand annually. Europol suggests that human trafficking is regarded as the second source of illegitimate money for organized crime. In 2005, the International Labor Organisation, predicted that the yearly profits gotten form human traffic and forced labor and sexual exploitation globally could reach 31000million dollars (Fisher Lab, 2010). Human trafficking is a profitable business and in areas such as Russia, Hong Kong and Eastern Europe trafficking in humans is controlled by large criminal groups. Nevertheless, the greater part of human trafficking is conducted by networks of smaller organizations that individually specialize in specific areas such as recruitment, transfer advertising and selling. This criminal business is very profitable since it requires small capital to start-up and chances of prosecution are rare (Mendelson, 2005). Victims of human trafficking are in most cases the most powerless and vulnerable persons in a given region. Majority of the victims originate from poorer families in which there are no economic activities and they are frequently ethnic marginalized persons and many are displaced people, runaways or refugees or can originate from any social background race and class. Human traffickers mostly target women in terrible conditions particularly for the sex industry. Traffickers in persons exploit the lack of prospects for economic activities, offer for jobs and employment opportunities or study then force their victims into prostitution. Women traffickers use agents and brokers to organize the travel and job placements for the women victims who are then accompanied and transported to the employers (Stoeker, Shelley, 2005). Ahead, arriving at their ends, the women come to understand that they had been deceived regarding the kind of work they had been promised to do as well as the monetary arrangements and find themselves in pressurized or abusive conditions from which fleeing is both risky and complicated. This forces such women to end up in prostitution as a source of survival (United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute, 1999). Children trafficking in most cases involve taking advantage of the childs parent due to intense poverty. The parents normally sell the children to traffickers so that they can manage to pay debts or gain income or they may be deceived regarding prospect of educating their children to get a better life. In West Africa, majority of the children who are trafficked have lost either both or one parent through AIDS. In addition, many male children and female ones are trafficked and trained to be soldiers. A study by United States Department of Justice of 2007-2008, indicated that over 30% of all human trafficked for that year were children who were forced into the sex industry (Fisher Lab, 2010). Size, Extent and Pattern of human trafficking The extent and size of human trafficking crimes remains unknown globally. Compared to other kinds of human abuses, trafficking in humans remains still underreported due to fear and shame of the victims. Majority of human trafficking occurs in regions associated with extreme poverty as a result of war or destruction of economy. According to,( Fisher Lab, 2010), in the outcome of economic destruction and fall of Soviet Union, many of the Balkan countries became countries of origin, who supplied desirable women for sex trafficking in the Mediterranean and European states. As a result of the illegitimate nature of human trafficking and the different methods used the extent remains unclear. According to, USA, State Department, report approximately half a million women and children are smuggled across international borders every year. The report also depicts that many of the transnational victims are trafficked for use in commercial sex business. According to (Mendelson, 2005), there was a rapid increase in prostitution in Bosnia, Cambodia and Kosovo, after the moving in of NATO and United Nations peace keeping force in these nations. Mendelson, (2005), further argues that peace keeping forces had been associated with forced prostitution and human trafficking. Supporters of peacekeeping missions have maintained that the actions of a few individuals should not be use to lay the blame on many people who participate in the mission, although United Nations and NATO have been condemned for not taking the issue of forced prostitution associated to missions of peacekeeping with seriousness. Why the human trafficking crime is growing at high rate Human trafficking appears a less risky undertaking for criminals compared with trafficking of drugs or vehicles. According to (Stoecker Shelley, 2005), in Central European Countries and Russia, laws on drug trafficking have become stricter and the methods of reduced theft of automobiles have become more complicated. In addition, punishments for criminals of human trafficking are much softer than the laws regarding trafficking of drugs which are not in place in Russia. Even in countries where laws regarding human trafficking exist, such crimes are complicated to establish and accuse since of few victims consent to give evidence in court. According to, (United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute, 1999), in many countries the smuggling of persons is not effectively under control and stopped. This has because many Government border practices and policies, immigration, justice agencies and police mostly focus on the illegal aspects of migration while ignoring the side involved with organized criminal groups in the trafficking of human beings. As a result the most important target of control intercessions would be unlawful migrants but not the criminal groups occupied in human trafficking and exploitation. Moreover, majority of the countries also do not have effective policies planned to combat trafficking on persons. Many countries admit that their legislation do not offer up-to-date regulations to counter with human trafficking, especially activities carried out by international crime groups. Moreover, national policies do not offer effective tools with which to disintegrate organized crime structures and their international groupings and to cut their gain margins and frustrate their efforts to expand their supply. Inquiry of higher level of administration of organized criminal groups involved in human trafficking in most cases lacks the necessary associations to strategies against bribery and corruption. In addition many countries, lack the capacity to respond to human trafficking. The main reasons include; inadequate laws regarding human trafficking, lack of judicial proficiency in that sector and lack of adequate cooperation between government enforcement agencies criminal justice and other relevant institutions like immigration and border control agencies. At international platform, the structure for collaboration among law enforcement and official of justice of various countries may not be existing or may not be satisfactory resulting to ineffective inquiry, assessment and settlement of cases associated with human trafficking. Persons who have become victims of human trafficking might in many cases lose more than they gain when collaborating with the justice system. In many countries victims of human trafficking regarded the ones responsible for illegal acts instead being victims of human trafficking and are in most cases prosecuted for infringing the immigration laws prostitution or statutory offences that are lawfully regarded as indecent behavior. Lack of sufficient victim and witness protection programmes might lessen the success of inquiry and hearing and court hearings of such cases. Destination, transit and countries of origin of human traffic victims A common misunderstanding has been that human trafficking occurs in deprived countries. Almost every country in the world is occupied in secretive profitable human trafficking business. The source is the country from which person are trafficked and is usually depicted as destitute and might have been weakened by war, natural disasters or corruption. According to (Fisher Lab, 2010) some of the source nations include Guatemala, Nepal, Nigeria and the former countries of Soviet Union and many more. A transit nation describes the temporally stop where trafficked victims are temporary stopped on their journey to the country of enslavement and the destination nation refers to the country where trafficked humans end up. The destination countries for human traffic victims are normally wealthy nations since they need to have enough income to purchase the trafficked victims. Among the renowned destination countries include, Japan, India United States and Western Europe. The smuggling of immigrants and human trafficking has increased worldwide in the recent years, as a result of the process of globalization and other factors. Trafficking in humans has been growing tremendously due top the participation of groups involved in organized crimes. The smuggling of immigrants by organized crime groups interrupts with the procedures of immigration of destination nations and in most cases entails abuses of human rights. The exploitative manner of treatment of human trafficking victims in most cases accounts a new form of slavery. Sexual exploitation and trafficking in persons According to (Kroft Greene, 2009), there has been no specific agreed definition of trafficking of persons for sexual exploitation. The term is used to refer to movement of persons particularly women usually between countries and within countries for sexual work using physical force or oppression through forced debt. Nevertheless, the issue become controversial when the victims are willing involved in prostitution. Sexual trafficking encompasses forcing an immigrant into sexual act condition or agreement for the immigration. Trafficking people for sexual purposes entails use of physical force, dishonesty, and oppression incurred through forced debt. Women and children who are victims of human trafficking are in most cases promised domestic jobs or jobs in service sector but instead find themselves taken to brothels while their travel document have been seized. Women and children victims of human trafficking might be beaten or locked up and guaranteed they would get their freedom back through prostitution as the purchase price together with their visa and air ticket. According to, (Friman Reich, 2007), the reasons why women and sometimes underage, children agree to offers from human traffickers is to get better financial opportunities for themselves and their families. In many circumstances the human trafficker in the beginning offers a genuine job or the assurance of a chance to further the studies. The majority of the jobs offered are in hotel industry or in bars and clubs. In other cases human traffickers use marriage, bullying, threats or taking hostage as means of obtaining their women victims. In most cases many women victims of human trafficking end up in prostitution while some of the migrating prostitutes get involved in trafficking of humans. Human trafficking for sexual uses involves a business deal of contributions services and items (Friman Reich, 2007). The terms of exchange and elements involved in the transaction displays the form of connection that exists and the economic system in which the deal takes place. In traditional societys financial system, women were sold as gifts to create alliances and to make peace and ensure hereditary was continuous. In market financial systems women are viewed to offer monetary benefits to the human traffickers who maximize their profits by being in charge of the exchange process. According to (Friman Reich, 2007), sale of sexual services contributed to high increase of women trafficking particularly in Central Europe in the era of economic recession which has had high unemployment level. All over the poorest nations of Central and Eastern Europe and, majority of the women have admitted taking the risk of being trafficked instead of remaining in their own counties where there are high levels of poverty and unemployment. In unstable economies, with limited job availabilities, many unskilled women have found an incentive by selling their sexual services and for human traffickers to organize the sector. According to (Friman Reich, 2007), women in poor nations of Central and Eastern Europe involve themselves, in prostitution since for some it is the only way for them to access international and regional job offers.